Search results matching tag 'Carry Trade'

Where the Wild Things Are

JohnMauldin — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 05:49:00 GMT

Where the Wild Things Are
It Is Not Just Japan
The Euro-Yen Cross and the Dollar Carry Trade
New York, London, and Switzerland

From ghoulies and ghosties
And long-leggedy beasties
And things that go bump in the night,
Good Lord, deliver us!

--Old Scottish Prayer

Where the Wild Things Are is a beloved children's book and now a beautiful movie. But in the investment world there are really scary wild things lurking about in the hidden recesses of the economic landscape. Today we look at one of the unintended consequences of the Federal Reserve's low interest rate policy.

For quite some time, I have been arguing that we are faced with no good choices, not just in the US but in the entire "developed" world. I see a low-growth, Muddle Through world over the next years (with a double-dip recession just to liven things up). However, that does not mean that we will lack for volatility. Things could get volatile rather quickly. Let's quickly set the background.

It Is Not Just Japan

Let's look at today's interest rate picture. Yesterday, we had the bizarre occurrence of banks actually paying the government to hold their cash. Three-month treasuries yield a miniscule 0.01% in interest. If you opt to buy a one-year bill you get all of 0.26%. You can see the entire spectrum below.

Look at the graph of the yield curve below. It is as steep as we have seen it in a long time. But that is almost the point. Banks are essentially getting free money. If you are a banker and can't make money in this environment, you need to quit and find meaningful employment.

And that is part of the rationale that the Fed espouses with its low interest rate regime. Not only does it allow banks to repair their balance sheets, it also encourages investors to put money into riskier assets in order to get some return on their investments. Over $260 billion has gone into bond funds this year, and just $2.6 billion into stock funds. However, you have to balance that with the fact that some $400 billion has left money market funds paying less than 0.2%. So there is some movement to capture yield.

But is it just banks that are getting cheap money? And is encouraging investors to find riskier assets a sound policy? Maybe not.

The Euro-Yen Cross and the Dollar Carry Trade

I wrote a great deal in the past few years about the strong correlation of the euro-yen cross to stock markets all over the world in general. (The euro-yen cross is the exchange rate of the euro and the Japanese yen.) This was a proxy for the Japanese carry trade. The stock markets of the world rose and fell in synchronization with the yen versus the euro.

A currency carry trade is a strategy in which an investor sells a certain currency with a relatively low interest rate and uses the funds to purchase a different currency yielding a higher interest rate. A trader using this strategy attempts to capture the difference between the rates, which can often be substantial, depending on the amount of leverage used.

The Japanese drove their rates down to essentially zero in the 1990s. By early 2007, it was estimated that the yen carry trade was over $1 trillion. But when the world credit crisis hit, the world wanted dollars. They paid back the yen and bought dollars, driving the yen higher and killing the yen carry trade. Who wants to borrow in a currency that continues to rise, even if the costs are low? And often, large leverage was used, so small movements in the currency could destroy outsized amounts of capital.

But now, there are some who are beginning to ask whether there is a dollar carry trade. In the last nine months, the correlation between the dollar and the stock market has gone to about 90%. If the dollar rises, the stock markets and other risk assets tend to fall, and vice-versa. It would appear that investors and funds are borrowing cheap dollars on a short-term basis and investing in all sorts of risk assets. Not only have stock markets risen, but so have high-yield bonds, commodities, and so on.

We have seen the steepest rise in US stock markets coming out of a recession since the end of the last world war. The market is "discounting" a 5% GDP next year and a profit rebound beyond anything in past experience. Depending on the quarter, operating earnings are expected to rise by anywhere from 30-40%. P/E ratios are back at 23, well above the 17 we saw in the summer of 2007 (I am using 4^th quarter 2009 estimates so as to not have to take into account the disastrous 4^th quarter of last year.)

Worrying about a dollar carry trade is not just a preoccupation of my friends Nouriel Roubini or David Rosenberg or Frank Veneroso. Look as this story from Bloomberg:

"China's Liu Says U.S. Rates Cause Dollar Speculation

"Nov. 15 (Bloomberg) -- The decline of the dollar and decisions in the U.S. not to raise interest rates have caused "huge" speculation in foreign exchange trading and seriously affected global asset prices, said Liu Mingkang, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission."

"The continuous depreciation in the dollar, and the U.S. government's indication, that in order to resume growth and maintain public confidence, it basically won't raise interest rates for the coming 12 to 18 months, has led to massive dollar arbitrage speculation," he told reporters in Beijing today at the International Finance Forum.

"Liu said this has 'seriously affected global asset prices, fuelled speculation in stock and property markets, and created new, real and insurmountable risks to the recovery of the global economy, especially emerging-market economies.'

"His view echoes that of Donald Tsang, the chief executive of Hong Kong, who said the Federal Reserve's policy of keeping interest rates near zero is fueling a wave of speculative capital that may cause the next global crisis."

"'I'm scared and leaders should look out,' Tsang said in Singapore Nov. 13. 'America is doing exactly what Japan did last time,' he said, adding that Japan's zero interest rate policy contributed to the 1997 Asian financial crisis and U.S. mortgage meltdown."

It is not just China. Brazil has moved to impose a tax (or tariff) on investment money coming into the country on a shorter-term basis, as they are worried about both a bubble in their markets and in their currency. Russia is openly considering similar policies.

I have been doing a lot of speaking in the last month. In almost every speech, I warn of the significant imbalance in the dollar. I walk to the very end of the stage to help illustrate that the world now has on a massive ABD trade. By that I mean Anything But Dollars. Everyone is now on the same side of the boat. They have borrowed dollars to buy other risk assets, assuming that the dollar, like the yen in the glory days of the yen carry trade, will continue to fall. Dollar bears are everywhere.

Explanations abound for why the dollar is a trash currency. It is Fed policy, or the Obama administration's willingness to run massive deficits, or the trade deficit or our health-care policy or (pick any number of issues). But I wonder.

Global trade collapsed last year and well into this year. Global trade was essentially done in dollars. If global trade is down 20% or more, then there is less need for companies in various countries to hold dollars and more need for local currency because of the crisis. Thus, after a rush to safety in the credit crisis, there is a rational selling of dollars by business.

Look at the above chart. Notice that the dollar is roughly where it was 20 years ago. And notice the recent jump during the credit crisis. We are not even back to where we were before the crisis.

What happens if world trade picks back up, as it appears to be doing? Admittedly, it is not a robust recovery as yet, but it is rising. That means more need for dollars. And dollars which are being borrowed (and probably leveraged!) on the assumption the dollar will continue to fall.

And I agree that, over time, the case for the dollar is not as good as I would like. But in the meantime, we could have one very vicious dollar rally, which would take equity markets down worldwide, along with other risk assets. Why? Because it would be a major short squeeze.

Barron's just did a survey. It revealed that the bullish sentiment on stocks is quite high and almost everyone hates US treasuries (graph courtesy of David Rosenberg of Gluskin, Sheff)

Whenever sentiment gets too strong in one way or the other, it is usually setting up the markets for a rally in the despised asset. Mr. Market like to do whatever he can to cause the most pain to the largest number of people.

I am not predicting a near-term crash or imminent precipitous bear, although in this environment anything can happen. I am merely noting that there is an imbalance in the system. The longer this imbalance goes on, the more likely it is that it will end in tears. And the irony is that a recovering world economy could be the catalyst.

The Wild Things? They may be hiding in a portfolio near you. Just food for thought. Stay nimble.

New York, London, and Switzerland

I am going to hit the send button on what may be the shortest e-letter I have ever done. The travel is catching up with me and I need some rest.

I am looking forward to Thanksgiving next week. It may be my favorite holiday. Family, friends, food, and football. My usual pattern is to get up very early Thursday and start the prime slow-cooking, and then turn to the side dishes. It will be no different this year. My brother will bring the smoked turkeys, which he has down to an art form. And then there are the over-the-top wines I was so graciously given this past birthday by so many friends. I will bring a few of those bottles out.

The next weekend I am in New York for Festivus with the crowd from Minyanville, and then I am home for over a month before I go to London and Switzerland in late January. Then not much is currently scheduled until April, although it always does seem to change. After the recent hectic schedule (15 cities and even more speeches in just a little over three weeks), I look forward to some home time.

I wish those of you in the US the best of Thanksgivings, and the rest of you a great week. And thanks for all the very kind words of late about Tiffani. She seems to be doing better. She is due in a month, so she is still moving slowly, but you can sense the excitement in her and Ryan. I find it all very pleasant.

Your "there's no place like home" analyst,

John Mauldin

Carry Trade reversals rally dollar / yen

ChuckButler — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:13:25 GMT

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In This Issue..

* Carry trade reversal boosts the dollar/yen...
* STL Fed Head Bullard sends mixed signals...
* Audit of Fed in jeopardy...
* Kiwi and AUD fall...

And Now... Today's Pfennig!

Carry Trade reversals rally dollar / yen

Good day... And a Thunderin Thursday to you! Yes, the rain continues today, but I hear it is supposed to stop this afternoon. Fear of risk rained on the currency investors' parade as an equity market sell-off fueled a US dollar and Japanese yen rally. At times it looks as if we will break this pattern of markets up dollar down/ markets down dollar up, but it seems investors continue to return to the US$ and Japanese yen as soon as they become worried about equity market returns.

Many of the callers into the trade desk wonder how anyone would be buying the Japanese yen and US Dollar as 'safe haven' currencies. I think a lot of this buying of yen and dollars isn't necessarily due to investors believing they are safer in US$ and Japanese yen, but is a result of the reversal of carry trades. The dollar and yen are the two major funding currencies of the carry trade. Investors borrow yen and dollars and then invest the proceeds into higher yielding assets including equities. This is what is called the carry trade, and works best when an investor can use high leverage to increase the return. Since these trades are highly leveraged, they are closely monitored and reversed at the first sign of a possible fall in the value of the higher yielding assets. So while the popular press will talk about the 'perceived safety' of the yen and US$, I believe much of the dollar and yen buying is due instead to a reversal of the carry trade. Investors aren't buying these currencies because they think the Japanese and US economy are stronger and therefore safer than others, but are simply deleveraging to take risk off the table, and are buying yen and US$ in the course of this deleveraging.

So what caused investors to worry about their investments in the equity markets? Chuck sent me this note before heading out the door last night:

I saw currencies jump around again on Wednesday... But here's something that makes me scratch my bald head, and should make you wonder too... If you're confused with this, then don't feel alone... Fed Head Bullard was speaking yesterday and at one point he said... "FED MAY NOT START TO RAISE RATES UNTIL EARLY 2012" That really got the currencies going... But later in the same speech, he said, "MEMORY OF HOUSING BUBBLE MAY PUSH FED TO START RATE HIKES MORE QUICKLY THAN AFTER PAST RECESSIONS." WHAT? He said that the Fed may not start raising rates until 2012, but then says that the Fed may push to start rate hikes more quickly than before? In my best Andy Rooney voice... Do you ever wonder, how these Fed Heads get in the door? Oh well... The second statement didn't change the currencies, but it did change stocks... And for one of the first times in some time... U.S. stocks sold off, and non-dollar currencies rallied.

As Chuck points out, the St. Louis Fed Head Bullard seemed to be speaking out of both sides of his mouth, but his second statement that the Fed may push to start rate hikes more quickly than before scared equity investors. He stated that in the debate to tighten policy, "the idea that you might be creating asset bubbles by keeping rates too low for too long will be an important argument." This is what scared the markets.

The economic data released yesterday certainly didn't help investors confidence in the global recovery as US housing starts unexpectedly dropped 11% in October compared to the month before. The pace of construction was the fewest since April's record low, and illustrates housings reliance on government support. Obama has extended both the first time homebuyer's tax credit and instituted a new (and I believe stupid) program to give existing homebuyers a tax credit to go out and buy a new one. These programs will probably give a bit of life support to the housing market in November, but many question just how long the government can continue them.

Another piece of data released showed the cost of living in the US rose more than forecast in October as the price of gas pushed CPI up .3% following a .2% rise in September. Today we will get the weekly jobs data along with the Leading Indicators for the month of October. Last month's leading indicators surprised the market with a 1% increase, but this month the expected rise is just .4%. This would be the seventh consecutive month of increased indicators begging the question: Just how LEADING are these indicators??? They have posted positive gains for seven months, but the economy sure doesn't feel like it is picking up steam. Housing and unemployment continue to be drags on the US economy and, according to Chairman Ben S. Bernanke, economic 'headwinds' will limit the recovery for an 'extended period'.

Speaking of our esteemed fed head, Bernanke's clout among US lawmakers will be tested today as the House Financial Services committee will consider how much to expand audits of the US central bank today. Panel members will be voting on a Democratic proposal to retain a ban on audits of the Fed interest-rate decisions. This would be a big blow to Ron Paul and his bill to allow audits of the Fed. Unfortunately I believe the Democratic ban on audits will pass, and Ron Paul will have to figure another way to try and hold the Fed accountable.

The worst performing of the currencies vs. the US$ over the past 24 hours is the New Zealand dollar which fell by over 2%. The kiwi dropped as the nation's main opposition party said it will no longer accept the central bank's primary policy of targeting inflation. The head of the central bank's salary is actually tied to keeping inflation rates at an acceptable level. This is one of the main reasons interest rates in New Zealand have been among the highest of industrialized nations. But in the opinion of the nation's main opposition party, these high rates have been at the cost of slower growth and a weaker exports. In my opinion, having a central bank focus on keeping inflation within a targeted range is absolutely required; and tying the main policy makers income directly to this objective is smart.

The Australian dollar also dropped for a second day on interest rate speculation. As Chuck has written, the markets have expected the Reserve Bank to raise rates again at their December meeting, but minutes of their Nov. 3 meeting caused some concern that they will not raise rates again until 2010. The minutes, released yesterday, said the pace of interest rate increases is an 'open question' as policy makers balance the risk of inflation vs. an economy which could slow as government stimulus ends. But I am still firmly in Chuck's camp, and believe the RBA will raise rates in December, and the interest rate differentials will continue to rally the AUD$ vs. the US$.

Minutes of the Bank of England's November meeting were also released yesterday, and showed the policy makers were split on whether to extend the 'quantitative easing' program or possibly cutting rates further. The pound sterling lost ground against both the euro and US$ as investors worried about the lack of direction. The minutes show there are three different camps at the BOE, one which favors expanding the program of pumping money into the system with bond purchases, another which favored no change, and a third which wants to use another interest rate increase to stimulate the economy. The lack of a clear plan by the central bank policy makers strikes fear into investors who want to see more of an agreement on the direction of policy.

While we don't trade the Russian ruble, it is part of our BRIC MarketSafe CD (for which time is running out!). Chuck pointed out to me yesterday that the Russian ruble has been the best performing currency of the BRIC, which was surprising. A story overnight said that Russia's central bank will have to accept a stronger ruble next year as rising commodity prices move the currency higher. Strong commodity markets have pushed capital into the Russian markets, pushing the ruble higher. Policy makers had indicated they will try to cap the ruble's gains, but the IMF warned recently that these efforts to fight the rubles advance will prove 'unproductive' and that 'underlying factors' justify the ruble's strength. This is good news for holders of the BRIC MarketSafe. If you haven't purchased this latest MarketSafe CD, the cut-off is approaching - you only have until December 3 and then your opportunity is lost.

OK, to recap, the dollar rallied on carry trade reversals, the 'Audit the Fed' bill is in jeopardy, AUD$ and NZD$ fell, and the BOE is split on the future of monetary policy in England.

Currencies today 11/19/09: American style: A$ .9170, kiwi .7287, C$ .9414, euro 1.4851, sterling 1.6626, Swiss .9811, European style: rand 7.5605, krone 5.658, SEK 6.93, forint 180.17, zloty 2.789, koruna 17.2147, RUB 28.90, yen 88.86, sing 1.3904, HKD 7.75, INR 46.69, China 6.8284, pesos 13.07, BRL 1.7287, dollar index 75.54, Oil $78.77, 10-year 3.35%, Silver $18.20, and Gold... $1,134.55

That's it for today... Best of luck to Chuck this morning as he heads to the eye doctor again today. It is nice to see Kristin Kuchem back from two weeks of traveling. She said both of her presentations were well received, as investors were eager to get money diversified out of the US$! Looking forward to the Blues game this evening, as several of us from the desk are hoping to watch a win! Hope everyone has a great Thursday!!!

Chris Gaffney, CFA
Vice President
EverBank World Markets
1-800-926-4922
1-314-647-3837

Are We Sure the Recession is Really Over?

GaryHalbert — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 21:46:00 GMT

IN THIS ISSUE:

3Q GDP Report - Was It Really Better Than Expected?
What Else Was Missing in the 3Q GDP Report?
Worker Productivity Surges to Six-Year High
Latest Unemployment Numbers Not Encouraging
Roubini - Too Many People Are "Short" the Dollar

Introduction

When the government announced on October 29 that 3Q Gross Domestic Product surged 3.5% (annual rate), there was a collective sigh of relief around the world that the US economy had finally emerged from the most serious recession since the Great Depression. After all, the 3.5% number outpaced the pre-report consensus of around 3%.

On closer inspection, however, the latest GDP report was not nearly as rosy as the headline number of 3.5% seems to suggest. For example, if you consider all of the government's incentives for consumers to spend (think "cash-for-clunkers" which ended in August, the $8,000 first-time homebuyer tax credit, and huge stimulus spending), GDP growth in the 3Q would have been significantly lower.

These and other caveats from the latest GDP report suggest that while we have turned the corner on the recession - barring any big negative surprises - economic growth over at least the next several quarters is likely to be disappointing. For example, most estimates I see for 4Q GDP growth are in the 1-2% range.

Last Thursday, the Labor Department reported that US worker productivity soared to a six-year high in the 3Q, well above expectations. Rising productivity is a good thing, right? Not necessarily, especially when it means that companies are laying off their best and brightest, such as scientists and engineers, that are focused on new product development (R&D).

On Friday, the Labor Department reported that the unemployment rate surged from 9.8% to 10.2% in October, well above the pre-report consensus of 9.9%. 10.2% is the highest unemployment rate since 1983. 15.7 million Americans are officially out of work, and that does not include those who are working part-time by necessity and those who have given up looking for work.

This week, we will examine the latest 3Q GDP report in detail and what that means for the future of the economy. We'll also take a look at some subsequent economic reports which seem to suggest that 4Q growth will be tepid. Next, we'll delve into the latest worker productivity report and what that may mean for the economy and the markets. Also, we will dissect the latest unemployment figures.

Finally, I will bring you the latest dire warning from noted forecaster Nouriel Roubini. You may recall that he predicted the housing/credit crisis back in 2005. Now he warns that too many people around the world are "short" the US dollar, and this could spark a second credit crisis.

3Q GDP Report - Was It Really Better Than Expected?

As noted above, the Commerce Department reported on October 29 that US GDP grew at an annual rate of 3.5% in the 3Q. Pre-report estimates varied widely with a consensus of 3%, so the actual report was better than expected. Stocks rallied sharply and closed 200 points higher following the report's release. In the Commerce Department's report, it stated: "The increase in real GDP in the third quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PCE), exports, private inventory investment, federal government spending, and residential fixed investment." The 3Q boost in the economy followed four consecutive losing quarters, including the 2Q that saw a drop of 0.7%. The 3Q GDP report, the so-called "advance" report, will be revised two more times before it goes "final", and the next revision will be released on November 24.

While stocks rallied strongly just after the report, it did not take long for analysts to see that the number was artificially pumped up. For example, if you take out surging auto sales ("cash-for-clunkers" which ended in August), GDP rose only apprx. 1.5% in the 3Q. Take away the government's $8,000 tax credit for first-time homebuyers, which is scheduled to end on December 1, and economic growth was even weaker.

Consider also the fact that GDP was boosted by the federal "stimulus package" spending, which unlike cash-for-clunkers and home tax credits, is not going away anytime soon. But the point is, the GDP number would have been much lower without these artificial incentives. Actually, the White House admitted as much just after the report. Christina Romer, chairwoman of the White House Council of Economic Advisors, acknowledged that without all these government incentives, "real GDP would have risen little, if at all, this past quarter."

Looked at differently, the 3.5% GDP report noted that the overall economy rose to a seasonally adjusted $13.014 trillion (annual) in the 3Q, up from $12.901 trillion in the 2Q. In other words, the economy added apprx. $112 billion dollars in output quarter-over-quarter. Yet we have spent an estimated $173 billion worth of the $787 billion stimulus plan so far. This shows how heavily dependent the economy is on government spending.

Gary D. Halbert, ProFutures, Inc. and Halbert Wealth Management, Inc.
are not affiliated with nor do they endorse, sponsor or recommend the following product or service.

What Else Was Missing in the 3Q GDP Report?

There are a number of factors and trends that the government's GDP reports do not consider. For example, the official GDP statistics are not designed to pick up cutbacks in "intangible investments" such as business spending on research and development, product design, worker training, etc. There's plenty of evidence which indicates that companies are slashing this kind of spending, which is essential for innovation, in an effort to cut costs.

Without investment in intangibles, the U.S. can't compete in a knowledge-based global economy over the long-run. Yet we don't see that plunge reflected in the GDP numbers which are still too focused on more traditional sectors, such as motor vehicles, construction, housing, etc.

There are more signs that companies are robbing the future to cut costs and improve profits. For example, over the past year, US employment of scientists and engineers has fallen by 6.3% according to BusinessWeek. For the most part, these are the people who create the next generation of products and make the US more competitive over the long-term. Again, this trend is not considered in the GDP reports.

Another clear-cut sign that GDP growth is being overestimated is the sharp drop in venture capital investment, which goes directly to new businesses. Venture capital firms invested about $12 billion in the first three quarters of 2009, barely half the $22 billion invested during the first three quarters of 2008. Some of this shortfall would have been spent on computers and other physical equipment, which would have been picked up in GDP. But most of the drop in VC money would have gone to pay for scientists, engineers, and new product development - all valuable intangible investments that don't show up in the GDP reports.

Similarly, many companies have slashed their reported R&D spending, which also doesn't show up in GDP. Just to cite a couple of examples, Alcoa announced recently that it cut its 3Q R&D spending by 36% from the year before. Johnson & Johnson has reduced its R&D by 13% over the past year. Such cuts are going on across industry sectors, with few exceptions. Again, these significant cutbacks are not reflected in the GDP data.

Another big problem not reflected in the GDP statistics is that many companies are retreating from development of new products, especially in stressed industries. In many sectors of the economy, companies have not only cut back on new products, but in many cases are reducing the number of models or options they currently offer.

Likewise, US companies are significantly cutting their spending on worker training. The drop started in 2008, when employers reduced their per-worker "learning expenditures" by 3.8% on average, according to the American Society for Training & Development. No data are available for 2009, but "from anecdotal evidence, obviously there's a lot of cutback," says Pat Galagan, executive editor of publications.

Ideally, a big burst of training would occur during a severe recession such as this so that people can acquire the skills needed for the jobs of the future. The problem is how to pay for that training, since unemployed people rarely spend money on long-term training when they're worried about short-term survival.

Worker Productivity Surges to Six-Year High

Last Thursday, the Labor Department announced that worker productivity surged to the highest level in six years in the 3Q. Productivity nationally rose 9.5% on average, well above the pre-report consensus of 6.5%. Non-farm productivity and costs provide measures of the productivity of workers and the costs associated with producing a unit of output.

The report also noted that overall output rose 4.0% in the 3Q, while hours worked fell 5.0%. Non-farm businesses continued to get lean and mean, finding ways to squeeze more output out of fewer workers (more on this below). Unit labor costs also fell 5.2%, which will help keep inflation contained.

Productivity growth has risen at an 8.2% average annualized pace during the last two quarters, the fastest two-quarter surge off a recession trough since 1961. Unit labor costs, typically the flip side of the productivity numbers, collapsed at nearly a 6% annualized rate during the last two quarters - the largest two-quarter decline off a recession trough on record. Since corporate profits are directly related to productivity growth and inversely related to unit cost growth, this data is good news for earnings.

Normally, it is considered a good thing for productivity to go up but the question is, why so much? With the unemployment rate continuing to go up every month, we know that companies continue to terminate and/or lay off workers. In doing so, they are demanding more productivity from those employees that remain on the job.

Actually, it is not unusual for productivity to rise in the early stages of a recovery as businesses continue to aggressively cut costs even as output begins to rebound. Companies are reluctant to hire near the end of recessions and even in the early stages of a recovery, as they are not sure the economy has really turned the corner, especially with the unemployment rate rising month after month.

On a related note, the Labor Department also published monthly data on the "average work week." The average work week shrank to a new all-time low of 33 hours in June, and it remained the same in October, as reported in last Friday's unemployment data (more on that report below). While the manufacturing sectors are averaging well above 33 work hours per week, the much larger service/retail sectors are averaging less than 33 work hours per week.

Many economists believe, however, that the recent productivity gains and the shrinking of the average work week are not sustainable. At some point, hours worked and payrolls will have to rise in order to meet stepped-up production schedules. As this occurs, income growth should recover, allowing households to spend more even if they are setting aside a larger fraction of their income in savings. Of course, the question is, when?

Latest Unemployment Numbers Not Encouraging

On Friday, the Labor Department reported that the US unemployment rate rose from 9.8% to 10.2% in October, the highest level since April 1983. The report noted that in October, the number of unemployed persons increased by 558,000 to 15.7 million, a record high. The largest job losses over the month were in construction, manufacturing, and retail trade.

Since the start of the recession in December 2007, the number of unemployed persons has risen by 8.2 million, and the unemployment rate has grown by 5.3 percentage points. Keep in mind that the official unemployment rate does not include those who are working part-time out of necessity, and does not include those who have given up on looking for a job.

The number of long-term unemployed, jobless for 27 weeks or more, and assumed to have given up on looking for work, was 5.6 million in October according to the latest report. The Labor Department estimates that 35.6% of unemployed persons were jobless for 27 weeks or more. Yet these people are not counted in the official unemployment rate.

The number of persons working part-time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as "involuntary part-time workers") was 9.3 million. These individuals were working part-time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. Here too, these people are not counted in the official unemployment rate.

If we include discouraged workers and those forced to work part-time, the unemployment rate surged to 17.5%, the highest on record.

The latest unemployment rate was considerably worse than expected. The pre-report consensus was for a rise from 9.8% in September to 9.9% in October. While many in the media have led us to believe in recent weeks that job losses were falling, the latest report clearly muzzles such optimism.

Most economists believe that the unemployment rate will continue to rise for at least a few more months. A Bloomberg survey of leading economists concludes that the unemployment rate will remain high for at least another year. The average forecast among the dozens of economists surveyed indicates that unemployment will average 9.7% for all of 2010.

If true, this is very bad news for the Obama administration and for Democrats who will be seeking re-election in 2010.

Is the World Too Bearish on the US Dollar?

There is now near-universal agreement that the US dollar will continue to fall for the foreseeable future. While not admitting to it, the Obama administration favors a weaker dollar as it is good for exports, just as the Bush administration did. The Fed is encouraging a weaker dollar by keeping short-term interest rates near zero for "an extended period."

As the dollar has fallen sharply since March, investors around the world have taken to "shorting" the dollar in various ways. Yet the US dollar is a commodity, after all, and commodities of all stripes have a way of not doing what the crowd expects. There is no way to know when the dollar will reverse higher, but when it does, it could well be explosive at least for a time.

Nouriel Roubini is a well-known professor of economics at the Stern School of Business at New York University and is chairman of RGE Monitor, an economic consulting firm. Roubini is best known for his public warnings in 2005 that we were in a housing bubble that was about to burst, and that it would lead to a financial crisis. At the time, he was called "Doctor Doom."

Last week, Roubini issued a serious warning that too many people around the world are "short" the US dollar, especially via so-called "carry trades" where investors borrow cheap dollars and then invest in other "risk assets" (stocks, etc.) that earn higher returns. Roubini believes that, at some point, the short dollar carry trade is going to blow up.

I have taken the liberty of reprinting his latest warning in the Financial Times (of London).

QUOTE:

Mother of all carry trades faces an inevitable bust

By Nouriel Roubini
November 1 2009

Since March there has been a massive rally in all sorts of risky assets - equities, oil, energy and commodity prices - a narrowing of high-yield and high-grade credit spreads, and an even bigger rally in emerging market asset classes (their stocks, bonds and currencies). At the same time, the dollar has weakened sharply, while government bond yields have gently increased but stayed low and stable.

The dollar and the sterling have weakened against a host of other currencies since the summer, promoting speculation that they could become the next carry trade currencies and supplant the yen as the ‘funding currency' of choice.

This recovery in risky assets is in part driven by better economic fundamentals. We avoided a near depression and financial sector meltdown with a massive monetary, fiscal stimulus and bank bail-outs. Whether the recovery is V-shaped, as consensus believes, or U-shaped and anemic as I have argued, asset prices should be moving gradually higher.

But while the US and global economy have begun a modest recovery, asset prices have gone through the roof since March in a major and synchronised rally. While asset prices were falling sharply in 2008, when the dollar was rallying, they have recovered sharply since March while the dollar is tanking. Risky asset prices have risen too much, too soon and too fast compared with macroeconomic fundamentals.

So what is behind this massive rally? Certainly it has been helped by a wave of liquidity from near-zero interest rates and quantitative easing. But a more important factor fuelling this asset bubble is the weakness of the US dollar, driven by the mother of all carry trades. The US dollar has become the major funding currency of carry trades as the Fed has kept interest rates on hold and is expected to do so for a long time. Investors who are shorting the US dollar to buy on a highly leveraged basis higher-yielding assets and other global assets are not just borrowing at zero interest rates in dollar terms; they are borrowing at very negative interest rates - as low as negative 10 or 20 per cent annualised - as the fall in the US dollar leads to massive capital gains on short dollar positions.

Let us sum up: traders are borrowing at negative 20 per cent rates to invest on a highly leveraged basis on a mass of risky global assets that are rising in price due to excess liquidity and a massive carry trade. Every investor who plays this risky game looks like a genius - even if they are just riding a huge bubble financed by a large negative cost of borrowing - as the total returns have been in the 50-70 per cent range since March.

People's sense of the value at risk (VAR) of their aggregate portfolios ought, instead, to have been increasing due to a rising correlation of the risks between different asset classes, all of which are driven by this common monetary policy and the carry trade. In effect, it has become one big common trade - you short the dollar to buy any global risky assets.

Yet, at the same time, the perceived riskiness of individual asset classes is declining as volatility is diminished due to the Fed's policy of buying everything in sight - witness its proposed $1,800bn (£1,000bn, €1,200bn) purchase of Treasuries, mortgage-backed securities (bonds guaranteed by a government-sponsored enterprise such as Fannie Mae) and agency debt. By effectively reducing the volatility of individual asset classes, making them behave the same way, there is now little diversification across markets - the VAR again looks low.

So the combined effect of the Fed policy of a zero Fed funds rate, quantitative easing and massive purchase of long-term debt instruments is seemingly making the world safe - for now - for the mother of all carry trades and mother of all highly leveraged global asset bubbles.

While this policy feeds the global asset bubble it is also feeding a new US asset bubble. Easy money, quantitative easing, credit easing and massive inflows of capital into the US via an accumulation of forex reserves by foreign central banks makes US fiscal deficits easier to fund and feeds the US equity and credit bubble. Finally, a weak dollar is good for US equities as it may lead to higher growth and makes the foreign currency profits of US corporations abroad greater in dollar terms.

The reckless US policy that is feeding these carry trades is forcing other countries to follow its easy monetary policy. Near-zero policy rates and quantitative easing were already in place in the UK, eurozone, Japan, Sweden and other advanced economies, but the dollar weakness is making this global monetary easing worse. Central banks in Asia and Latin America are worried about dollar weakness and are aggressively intervening to stop excessive currency appreciation. This is keeping short-term rates lower than is desirable. Central banks may also be forced to lower interest rates through domestic open market operations. Some central banks, concerned about the hot money driving up their currencies, as in Brazil, are imposing controls on capital inflows. Either way, the carry trade bubble will get worse: if there is no forex intervention and foreign currencies appreciate, the negative borrowing cost of the carry trade becomes more negative. If intervention or open market operations control currency appreciation, the ensuing domestic monetary easing feeds an asset bubble in these economies. So the perfectly correlated bubble across all global asset classes gets bigger by the day.

But one day this bubble will burst, leading to the biggest coordinated asset bust ever: if factors lead the dollar to reverse and suddenly appreciate - as was seen in previous reversals, such as the yen-funded carry trade - the leveraged carry trade will have to be suddenly closed as investors cover their dollar shorts. A stampede will occur as closing long leveraged risky asset positions across all asset classes funded by dollar shorts triggers a coordinated collapse of all those risky assets - equities, commodities, emerging market asset classes and credit instruments.

Why will these carry trades unravel? First, the dollar cannot fall to zero and at some point it will stabilise; when that happens the cost of borrowing in dollars will suddenly become zero, rather than highly negative, and the riskiness of a reversal of dollar movements would induce many to cover their shorts. Second, the Fed cannot suppress volatility forever - its $1,800bn purchase plan will be over by next spring. Third, if US growth surprises on the upside in the third and fourth quarters, markets may start to expect a Fed tightening to come sooner, not later. Fourth, there could be a flight from risk prompted by fear of a double dip recession or geopolitical risks, such as a military confrontation between the US/Israel and Iran. As in 2008, when such a rise in risk aversion was associated with a sharp appreciation of the dollar, as investors sought the safety of US Treasuries, this renewed risk aversion would trigger a dollar rally at a time when huge short dollar positions will have to be closed.

This unraveling may not occur for a while, as easy money and excessive global liquidity can push asset prices higher for a while. But the longer and bigger the carry trades and the larger the asset bubble, the bigger will be the ensuing asset bubble crash. The Fed and other policymakers seem unaware of the monster bubble they are creating. The longer they remain blind, the harder the markets will fall.
END QUOTE

Gary D. Halbert, ProFutures, Inc. and Halbert Wealth Management, Inc.
are not affiliated with nor do they endorse, sponsor or recommend the following product or service.

Conclusions

I titled this E-Letter "Are We Sure the Recession is Really Over" because I think this concern is still heavy on the minds of most Americans. Certainly, the latest 3Q GDP report is a welcome sign that we have turned a corner, at least for now. But as I have also pointed out above, the reported gain of 3.5% in the 3Q leaves many questions we should be concerned about.

There are still many weak spots in our economy. Most notable, the unemployment rate weakened even more than almost anyone expected in October, reaching the highest level in a quarter century, and is very likely headed even higher for a few more months at least. It will almost certainly remain high throughout 2010.

The worst of the housing and credit crisis appears to be behind us, but bank lending remains substantially below pre-crisis levels, even as short-term interest rates are at historical lows. The Fed continues to buy up toxic assets at unprecedented levels. At some point, this will have to stop and reverse itself, just as interest rates will have to be increased at some point.

The point is, while we may have emerged from the recession, there are many risks that could throw us right back into a further economic contraction in the next year or two. Nouriel Roubini's analysis just above regarding the US dollar is just one of several scenarios that could result in a "double-dip" recession in the next year or two.

As I discussed at length in my September 29 E-Letter, we are in the early stages of a commercial real estate bust that could very well be the next shoe to drop in the credit crisis. I will have a lot more to say about that next week, unless something more pressing comes about. In any event, we will be hearing a lot more about the commercial real estate problems in the weeks and months ahead.

While we all welcomed the latest GDP report, conflicted as it was, there are few indications that economic growth will continue at that rate going forward. As mentioned earlier, most estimates I am seeing on 4Q GDP growth are in the 1-2% range. Forecasts for 2010 are only marginally better.

Finally, the stock market overshoot since early March has surprised even the most optimistic forecasters. All of my most trusted sources believe that the equity markets are overbought and very susceptible to a downside correction, or worse anytime now. If Roubini's concerns about the dollar are realized, it could be much worse than a garden variety correction.

Everything I have discussed this week argues for having actively managed strategies in your investment portfolio, strategies that have the ability to move out of the markets, or hedge long positions, in case any one of the negative scenarios arises. If you agree, give us a call at 800-348-3601, or e-mail us at info@halbertwealth.com.

** If you are wondering just how bad the House healthcare reform bill that passed last Saturday is, be sure to read the link in SPECIAL ARTICLES below. It's awful!

Finally, our thoughts and prayers go out to all of the families of the innocent soldiers who were killed and injured in the tragedy at FortHood that occurred on November 5.

Very best regards,

Gary D. Halbert

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

What the Pelosi Health-Care Bill Really Says
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704795604574519671055918380.html

Another New Record Level For Gold!

ChuckButler — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 15:19:53 GMT

..But First, A Word From Our Sponsor..
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In This Issue..

* Risk players come back out to play...
* Waiting on the Fed's statement...
* Yield differentials come into focus...
* Lisbon Treaty gets signed / ratified...

And Now... Today's Pfennig!

Another New Record Level For Gold!

Good day... And a Wonderful Wednesday to you! Well... Did you see the strong performance that Gold put in yesterday? And it didn't stop yesterday, overnight Gold is up another $7 on top of the +$20 gain it had yesterday... I've got some info on that, we can talk about later...

Oh Shoot Rudy! Let's talk about it right here, right now! It's not every day that Gold not only goes past its previous all-time record high, but obliterates the previous figure! I know you're wanting to take a peek at the price of Gold in the currency round-up portion of the Big Finish, so go ahead, and then come on back... How'd that $1,090 and change price look to you? Pretty sweet, eh? That is as long as you are a Gold holder!

So... What put the tiger in Gold's tank yesterday and overnight? Well, the weaker dollar helped... The thought became clearer that the cartel, I mean the Fed will keep rates on hold this week helped... But the real beef came from the announcement that the Reserve Bank of India was buying the 200 tons of Gold from the IMF... I know, I know, I told you yesterday that I thought it would be a "wash" for the dollar and the Gold price... But that was before I learned that the Reserve Bank of India paid for their $6.7 Billion dollars worth of Gold with... SDR's!

So... Either, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) didn't want to get rid of their dollar reserves... (yeah, right!) or... The IMF didn't want anything to do with dollars, and preferred receiving SDR's! (for those of new to class, a SDR is a basket of currencies to make one unit called a Special Drawing Right, of which the IMF uses, and has been rumored to be the replacement for the dollar as the reserve currency of the world... The one government, one currency thing)

I'll pin my colors to the mast of the IMF not wanting anything to do with dollars at this point! Been there, done that, bought the T-shirt!

So... The price of Gold is nearing $1,100... I reminded my beautiful bride last night that just 2 months ago I told a group of close friends that they should seriously be considering buying Gold as it had slipped to $940 an ounce... I wonder what they think when they see Gold at nearly $1,100... I'm sure the V-8 head slap is going on all over my neighborhood!

OK... So what's going on with the currencies, as the dollar has had the hammer for 3 consecutive days now... Well... The dollar is back on the slippery slope this morning, as those same thoughts about the cartel, I mean (crying out loud Chuck, why can't you get that thought about the Fed really being a cartel out of your mind!) the Fed, will keep rates unchanged this week, really emphasizing the fact that Australia has raised rates 50 BPS so far, and Norway has raised them 25 BPS... There are places to go where you can get higher yields...

I get a kick out of some people that call the desk here, and say... "I'm looking for a high yield of around 8-10%, with no risk... Do you have that?" Sure, right here in my back pocket! NOT!

The FOMC meeting will be a 2-day meeting, so get the board games out, find the deck of cards, and make sure you have good batteries for the Battleship Game! When the Fed Heads get tired of the board games, and all, they'll announce tomorrow afternoon that they are going to leave rates unchanged, and that while they see improvement in the economy, sans the 3.5% 3rd QTR GDP, it's too soon to remove the accommodating rates... How do I know that? I don't... But, I'll bet a Krispy Kreme to a dollar that what they say is pretty darn close to that!

The key will be to see if the Fed Heads, led by Big Ben Bernanke, leave the words regarding the how long the low rates will remain, "extended period" for if they do... The dollar will immediately be sent to the woodshed once more, without passing Go, and without collecting $200! So... The statement following the rate announcement is the key tomorrow...

So... The euro is 1-cent higher this morning, the Aussie dollar is about 1-cent higher, and so on... Those that bought at yesterday's blue light special prices will be smiling like a Cheshire Cat this morning!

OK... I have to talk about this... For I've received a ton of emails about it...

Quite a few readers have sent me Nouriel Roubini's interview knowing that Mr. Roubini has long been a fave of mine.
Well... Mr. Roubini talked about the "mother of all Carry Trades" being the dollar, of which I told you had become the new funding currency for the Carry Trade a few months ago...

Mr. Roubini also talked about how this was fueling a huge run-up in the prices of risk assets... I've also told you about that, and how... Should the U.S. do the double dip that a huge sell off of stocks would probably occur, and cause an adverse affect on the risk assets of currencies and commodities....

So... All in all... Nothing new... So I was surprised that readers wanted me to comment on this... Well, the caveat here is that Mr. Roubini is calling for a massive sell off of the risk assets when the correction comes... He doesn't specify when this will happen...

I've also said that the risk assets have gone too far too fast, and that a correction is due... So, let's move on from there...

I see where Marc Faber is saying that the correction will net the dollar 10% VS the euro... Again, he doesn't say when this will happen, but that it will...

But again, as diversification people, with our eyes fixed on the horizon that shows that the only way the U.S. Gov't can repay their debts is with cheaper dollars... We just batten down the hatches for this correction, for we know that on the other side of the correction is another massive move upward...

There was something else that I wanted to talk about... And it's something that I'm sure I'll get a few emails about... Good and bad... But here goes... Did you see that Ford announced a nice profit for the last quarter... CAPITALISM ISN'T DEAD! Three cheers for Capitalism! Maybe that's all I'll say about it, for if I went into how I feel that Capitalism is getting beaten like a rented mule, I might start talking about stuff that doesn't need to be discussed here!

So way to go Ford! Didn't take bailout money... And 1 year later books a profit! Whereas GMAC is in need of additional bailout money, and Chrysler is Fiat now... Great use of taxpayer money wasn't it?

Here I go again... Sorry, didn't mean to go on this tangent about this stuff... It's just that I have no idea why this doesn't just tick off any American that reads about this stuff! But not to worry, the Gov't has more plans to spend money they don't have!

Hey! Earlier I talked about Australia's rate increases... Well, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is running scared these days... Scared that their rhetoric about rate increases is going to push the A$ to parity with the green/peachback... So guess what the RBA members have decided to do? You've got it! They're going to "tone down" their interest rate hike rhetoric... RBA Gov. Stevens said that the 28% gain in the A$ this year VS the U.S. dollar would be a good inflation fighter, and allow him to slow down the rate increases...

Well... Don't get off the A$ love train just because the RBA Gov. Stevens suggests that he could slow down rate increases... The A$ already enjoys more than 300 BPS of yield differential to the U.S. dollar, Japanese yen, Canadian dollar, and Swiss franc!

And the Lisbon Treaty that was hung up in the Czech Republic, has finally been signed by the Czech Republic's President, thus completing the rounds, and putting the Treaty in place. Now, I'm not a big fan of the Treaty, but... It's what the Eurozone needed to remain viable, and so it it's done... This removes the albatross from around the euro's neck, and will shut those people up that keep talking about a collapse of the European Union, and the euro...

Chris Wood is filling in for good friend David Galland this week on David's daily letter called "Casey's Daily Dispatch"... Anyway, Chris Wood had this to say yesterday, which I believe just about sums it all up regarding the Fed and Treasury here in the U.S....

"A group of federal agencies including the FDIC, Federal Reserve, and Office of Thrift Supervision just released new guidelines for how banks deal with troubled commercial real estate loans. And get this:

Under the guidelines, loans to creditworthy borrowers that have been restructured and are current won't be classified as high risk by regulators solely because the collateral backing them has declined to an amount less than the loan balance.

Yes, you read that correctly. Banks won't have to show losses "solely" because the collateral has fallen in value below the loan. Perhaps most incredible is that this move is being applauded by the business community. The next step will be a federal move to facilitate refinancing that same collateral."

Chuck here again... That's pretty amazing, don't you think? First the financial institutions were allowed to drop the "mark-to-market" on their collateral... And now this... And people still question why foreigners are growing very weary of these things, and becoming quite scared regarding their dollar backed holdings? They shouldn't question any longer, eh?

And then there was this...

Remember how excited I was that Ron Paul's bill to audit the Fed was going to discussion? I thought, surely (hey! Who's Shirley?) this would be it... The Fed would finally get audited, and treated like the Corporation they are! But, then Ty Keough sent me this, and my hopes were dashed...

Representative Ron Paul, the Texas Republican who has called for an end to the Federal Reserve, said legislation he introduced to audit monetary policy has been "gutted" while moving toward a possible vote in the Democratic-controlled House.

The bill, with 308 co-sponsors, has been stripped of provisions that would remove Fed exemptions from audits of transactions with foreign central banks, monetary policy deliberations, transactions made under the direction of the Federal Open Market Committee and communications between the Board, the reserve banks and staff, Paul said today.

"There's nothing left, it's been gutted," he said...

OK... To recap... Gold is soaring! Gold has reached a new record all-time high! The dollar has given back some of its gains the past 4 days as traders begin to realize that the Fed is going to keep rates unchanged tomorrow. The Gov't is up to its usual tricks regarding collateral and the bill to audit the Fed.

Currencies today 11/4/09: American Style: A$ .9080, kiwi .7245, C$ .9425, euro 1.4770, sterling 1.6525, Swiss .9770, European Style: rand 7.7365, krone 5.7150, SEK 7.0580, forint 187.60, zloty 2.89, koruna 17.6650, RUB 29.27, yen 90.80, sing 1.3970, HKD 7.75, INR 47.06, China 6.8270, pesos 13.22, BRL 1.7280, dollar index 76.14, Oil $80.02, 10-year 3.48%, Silver $17.43, and Gold... $1,091.70

That's it for today... I hear that my colleague on the Currency Capitalist newsletter that I do for the Sovereign Society, Ashish, is going to fill in for me at the Conference that I'm missing, and give my presentation on the Treasury Bubble... He'll do a great job! We've had 4 consecutive days of sunshine, and you should see the people, they are smiling again! I began making my plans for Spring Training with the family last night... Whenever I do that, I get all geeked up and ready to leave now! But I have 4 months to go! UGH! First we have our move to the new building next door, then Christmas, then New Year's, Orlando Money Show, and then finally March! Oh, and there's a conversion to a new system thrown in there somewhere! It's a moving target so we don't know for sure, but it will be HUGE! OK... Well, as with every day, it's time to go, so I hope you have a Wonderful Wednesday!

Chuck Butler
President
EverBank World Markets
1-800-926-4922
1-314-647-3837

Dow hits 10,000 and the dollar is down...

ChuckButler — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 16:12:26 GMT

...But First, A Word From Our Sponsor...
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* High upside potential
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* Low $1,500 minimum deposit

Don't miss this unique opportunity. Deadline to buy the BRIC MarketSafe CD is Nov. 5, 2009. Apply today or learn more at http://www.everbank.com/001CertificatesMSBRIC.aspx?referId=11808

In This Issue..

* Dow hits 10,000 and the dollar is down...
* Return of the carry trade?...
* Global Power Shift Index...
* Goldman predicts a further fall for the dollar...

And Now... Today's Pfennig!

Dow hits 10,000 and the dollar is down...

Good day... It is a Thunderin Thursday here as the rain continues for another day. We have had a very wet two weeks here in the midwest, but the cold rain is finally supposed to stop later today. The currencies continued to their thunderin stampede over the US$ yesterday with several reaching fresh highs. The Dow Jones average moved above 10,000 again, so everything must be alright in the world economy now, right?? This morning the dollar bounced back up, but it looks like profit taking and not a more permanent trend. Lots to talk about today, so I'll get right to it.

The dollar dropped again yesterday as investors continued to move money out of the 'safe haven' investments in favor of higher returns. The two places where investors sought refuge during the economic crisis were the US$ and Japanese yen. Investors felt a level of comfort in the currencies of these countries because they are the worlds largest and most advanced marketplaces. With the credit crisis gripping the globe, investors were satisfied pulling money off the table and 'parking' the funds in ultra low rate accounts in Japan and the US. With the latest data showing the global recovery taking hold, investors have moved out of these low rates and have sought out higher returns. Some of this money has flowed into the equity market in the US, pushing the Dow Jones average back above 10,000 (more on that in a second). The global recovery also has investors looking toward commodities, which were beaten down on fears of a global slowdown. The price of copper, gold, and crude oil have all run up on fresh signs of a global recovery. With commodity prices coming back up, the countries who are commodity rich should do well, and investors have returned to the currencies of Canada, Australia, and Norway.

Finally, investors who feel more confident have begun to take on a bit more risk, with many returning to what was once a very profitable trade: the carry trade. This trade dominated the currency markets for a number of years prior to the global economic crisis. While long term readers know all about it, I will give another quick explanation for those of you who are new to the Pfennig. The carry trade is simply a trade where investors borrow at low interest rates and then invest the borrowed funds at higher interest rates. The trade typically uses a high degree of leverage in order to make even a small interest rate differential profitable. The most popular funding currency of the carry trade had been the Japanese yen, as interest rates in Japan were held at near zero levels for several years. Investors would borrow the yen at 1%, sell the yen and use the proceeds to purchase New Zealand Dollars, and then invest these kiwis at a rate of 5%; earning the spread of 4% (before fees). As long as the currencies remained relatively stable, the profits rolled in. The risk to this trade occurs when the funding currency starts to move up vs. the investment currency, and the leverage used can make these currency moves pretty dramatic.

But enough of the history lesson, let me get back to where we are today. The US$ has replaced the Japanese yen as the most popular currency for the carry trade. Investors have been selling dollars and moving funds into the higher returns of Brazil, South Africa, and even Mexico. These countries have the attractive combination of high interest rates and commodity based economies which should do well in a global recovery. But as I mentioned above, investors in these carry trades can be a bit fickle, and can reverse these trades at the first sign of trouble. These currencies can be volatile, and should be viewed as the speculative portion of your currency investments.

The last few months have been a sort of 'perfect storm' for the currencies of Australia and Norway. Both have benefitted from the surge in commodity prices. Both also have strong governments which kept their economies from dipping too far into recession. Because of this fiscal strength, both countries are now raising interest rates, which continues to make their currencies more attractive. The Norwegian krone climbed to a one year high against the euro and the dollar yesterday as crude oil prices jumped. With Norway putting a percentage of their oil revenues to work rebuilding their economy, their central bank will probably start raising rates at their next meeting. The Norges bank governor Svein Gjedrem said last month the bank had considered raising rates at the Sept 23 meeting and will likely have to take a fairly aggressive stance on rates going forward.

Australia was the first to raise interest rates, and will likely continue to tighten. Reserve Bank Governor Glenn Stevens told reporters that the RBA can't be too timid in raising rates now that the threat of an economic crisis has passed. "If we were prepared to cut rates rapidly, to a very low level, in response to a threat but then were too timid to lessen that stimulus in a timely way when the threat had passed, we would have a bias in our monetary policy framework." Unemployment is falling, and consumer confidence continues to rise in Australia which will likely mean additional interest rate increases in the next few months.

Investors in our newest WorldCurrency Index CD have been perfectly positioned for these latest currency moves. We introduced the Global Power Shift CD back in July of this year and it has been one of our best performers. This CD combines Australia, Brazil, Canada, and Norway into one mighty index CD. Ty Keough mentioned the other day that he had spoke to one of the first investors in the Global Power Shift, and had calculated the customer had earned an amazing 12.5% during the first three months (that is a 50% annualized return!!). With commodity prices continuing to push up, and interest rates set to rise in both Norway and Australia, investors should continue to see good returns in this WorldCurrency Index cd.

As I mentioned above, the Dow Jones average moved back above 10,000 yesterday. Investors have apparently taken the same view as the Nobel Peace Prize committee and are betting on the 'good things to come'. I just don't see any concrete evidence of a sustainable recovery here in the US. Unemployment continues to hover near double digits, and US foreclosure filings have climbed to a record high. While 'less negative' numbers on the retail sales may have inspired some mis-directed optimism, the US economy is still in a very precarious position. I know equity investors always have to look at 'future' cash flows and purchase stocks on the promise of earnings coming in somewhere down the road, but I don't see where the current data supports a Dow at 10,000.

The retail sales numbers which were reported yesterday here in the US were 'less negative' than expected; dropping 1.5% vs. a predicted 2.1% drop. The press proclaimed the return of the US consumer confidence since this number was better than predicted. I guess as long as the data comes in a bit better than what the economists predicted, it is positive (no matter what the actual data is!). Today we will see data on consumer prices which are predicted to show inflation continues to be muted. The volatile Empire Manufacturing report will also be released this morning and will show another jump.

If the inflation data come in as expected, the news will give the upper hand to FOMC members who have said the central bank can keep interest rates low for a long time. The minutes of the FOMC Sept 22-23 meeting showed some members were actually calling for an expansion of the 'quantitative easing' program. Chairman Ben Bernanke said the Fed is prepared to tighten credit when the economic outlook 'has improved sufficiently'. But the minutes show the Fed is actually leaning toward a more expansionary program. There seems to be absolutely no fear of future inflation, so look for rates to remain low for some time to come. This will continue to keep downward pressure on the US$.

I wrote yesterday how the US is following the BOE lead when it comes to 'quantitative easing'. These programs had led to a drop in the value of both the UK Pound Sterling and the US$. But overnight, the pound sterling stormed back up vs. the US$ as the Financial Times cited the BOE Markets Director as saying policy makers would be more likely to pause asset purchases, giving themselves the option of 'doing more later', rather than stopping them. A report yesterday showed UK unemployment rose less than forecast last month causing some of those shorting the pound to reverse course. I have to believe a lot of the Pounds movement is simply profit taking after the sterling lost 3.5% v.s the US$ in the past month. I still believe the pound sterling will have a tough going as long as they continue with their QE programs.

I will end today's Pfennig with a prediction from Goldman Sachs. You may have seen where Goldman reported another quarterly profit of $3.2 billion yesterday. The profit is really no surprise when understand just how far 'inside' Goldman is with the administration. Given their position, I always like to read what Goldman is predicting for the currencies. Their latest report said the dollar is likely to extend drops against the euro and commodity-backed currencies over the coming six months (sound familiar?). The euro is now predicted to reach $1.55, revising previous forecasts of $1.45. "It now looks as though the dollar trough will be slightly deeper," Goldman analysts said.

Currencies today 10/15/09: A$ .9171, kiwi .7436, C$ .9694, euro 1.4883, sterling 1.6252, Swiss .9836, rand 7.2675, krone 5.5710, SEK 6.9361, forint 179.27, zloty 2.820, koruna 17.3585, RUB 29.36, yen 90.19, sing 1.3902, HKD 7.75, INR 46.16, China 6.8284, pesos 13.0673, BRL 1.7009, dollar index 75.38, Oil $75.04, 10-year 3.44%, Silver $17.48, and Gold... $1,050.95

That's it for today... Had an absolutely crazy day on the phones yesterday, as it seems everyone wants to purchase currencies and metals now that the Dow went over 10,000. Chuck, Michelle, Frank, and Jane Dulle will be heading back from Atlanta today after what was hopefully a successful planning meeting. My son's football game was cancelled last night due to a lack of players on both teams; it seems the flu has hit St. Louis schools pretty hard. We all got flu shots yesterday (hopefully in time), and the wellness fair continues today with visits from a massage therapist and nutritionist. I just hope the phones ease up a bit to enable us to take advantage of the free massages! Hope everyone has a Thunderin Thursday.

Chris Gaffney, CFA
Vice President
EverBank World Markets
1-800-926-4922
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A New Carry Trade Currency?

ChuckButler — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 14:17:00 GMT

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In This Issue..

* A bias to buy dollars remains...
* The Fed was warned as far back as 1999!
* Fujii gets "the memo"!
* A ton o' data all around the globe this week!

And Now... Today's Pfennig!

A New Carry Trade Currency?

Good day... And a Marvelous Monday to you! My weekend turned out to be quite grand, as all the things I said that would make it special came to pass! My Cardinals clinched their division. My beloved Missouri Tigers won on Friday night, and my little buddy's 8th grade Flyers won their game against their arch rival... WOW!

Well... Here we go with the last 3 days of September... A month that saw Gold return to $1,000, and the non-dollar currencies all return to levels they held a year ago, having withstood the onslaught of flight to safety trades that benefitted the dollar after the Lehman Bros collapse.

We've seen the Fed Chairman sound the "all clear horn" and me question, why anyone would still be listening to this guy! And our country is becoming quite divided over the health care issue... So... There we have it... September all rolled up in a nice package, to take out the trash!

Ok, we're all caught up now... On Friday, the currencies gravitated toward weaker levels, as the dollar buying continued, with stocks leading the risk assets lower... But it hasn't been a "taken to the woodshed event" for the currencies yet... So, the question remains if this is the correction we've been waiting for or not...

Last week I gave you some quotes by Nassim Taleb, but forgot to tell you that he was the author of the book, "The Black Swan"... Nassim Taleb was talking to a group of business people in Hong Kong this weekend, and asked the same question I've been asking, as he wanted to know why Big Ben Bernanke, and Treasury Sec. Tim Geithner kept their posts after failing to foresee the collapse in global credit markets. Taleb said, "Bernanke, Geithner, and Summers didn't see the crisis coming so why are they still there? Bernanke is like a pilot who didn't see a hurricane."

Good stuff, eh? Especially, when you read the Washington Post and see that the Fed was ignoring pleas from Consumer Groups, as far back as 1999, that subprime lending was expanding... Turning a deaf ear on the Consumer Groups, the Fed left rates low, and accommodating... What the heck do we have these guys for any way! The Fed has been the root cause of every financial problem we've had in this country since they were created in 1913...

OK... Last week, the Financial Times ran a story regarding the dollar laying claims to being the top Carry Trade Currency... Let's read a bit from the FT... "For years, the yen was the currency of choice to fund international Carry Trades. Analysts say negligible U.S. interest rates, its quantitative easing measures and little sing that the country is set to withdraw from its ultra-lose monetary policy anytime soon leaves it in a similar position to Japan at the start of the decade."

Well... I had already told you all that, but when you see it in the FT, it obviously gives it more credence, eh?

But, let's talk about that for a minute... If the dollar begins to become the new funding currency of the Carry Trade, that means that people will be selling the dollar short, and using the proceeds to buy a higher yielding asset... Well, in today's markets, there aren't what we would traditionally consider to be "high yielding assets"... For the Carry Trade is quite risky, therefore you need to have some cushion from the "buy side" asset... The only "real interest differential" in the world resides with Brazil... But the real is traded on a non-deliverable forward, which means it's just as liquid as say Aussie or kiwi, which were the main beneficiaries when the yen was the funding currency.

So... This new Carry Trade, might have to wait a bit before getting into 4th gear. When the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) begins their rate hike cycle, probably by year-end, then it might begin to make sense... Which is just another thing in the gauntlet the dollar has to run through every day!

Speaking of the Japanese yen... The yen reached a 8-month high of 89.30 overnight. I told you last week that yen is getting a lot of love from Japanese exporters that are repatriating their profits in yen, ahead of the end of the month / quarter.

I had to laugh out loud when I read a story about the Japanese Finance Minister, Fujii, who apparently hadn't gotten the memo about how Finance Ministers are supposed to jawbone the yen lower... Recall, I had told you that he said over and over again that he supported a strong yen... Well... That all changed once he got the "memo"... Fujii said last night that, "people were mistakenly saying he supported a strong yen."

Hey Fujii, got the memo now? Is it clear?... Crystal... OK, now go out there and jawbone the yen weaker, or you'll be falling on a sword!

This week is chock-full-o-data all over the globe... In the U.S. we'll end the week with the Jobs Jamboree, while Japan will print their latest Tankan report (which checks the pulse of the economy), Canada will print their latest GDP, China will print their latest Manufacturing Index, and Australia will report on Retail Sales...

In the Eurozone, Germany re-elected Angela Merkel as chancellor... Now, she just needs to figure out how to deliver those tax-cuts she promised during the campaign!

The euro had climbed back to 1.4720, but the election results were not taken as "euro friendly"... Remember, I told you that there could be tax-cuts coming in Germany, which is the Eurozone's largest economy. Tax-cuts are great, if you are in a fiscal position to do so... Germany has a nascent recovery at best going on right now, so the timing is not what traders are happy with... Therefore the euro dropped like a stone to 1.4570, but then bounced off that is back to 1.4635 as I write...

And the Reserve Bank of Australia, (RBA) which I mentioned earlier was in the news overnight, as the RBA Gov. Stevens gave a speech, that was hawkish... Stevens mentioned that the interest rates needed to move off their "unusually low levels". He also pointed out something that should be quite recognizable by all Central Bankers now, but apparently not here in the U.S.... And that is that "imbalances build up when rates are left too low for too long."

Well... The highly touted G-20 meeting last week ended not with a bang, but with some newfound strength as a group... Recall on Friday I told you that they would replace G-8 as the watchdog for the economies of the world. That news was announced later on Friday... G-20 ended with leaders from the G-20 nations saying that they plan to cooperate on an overhaul of financial regulations to prevent arbitrage in the global system. By the end of next year, banks will be required to hold more capital, and compensation policies will need to be linked to longer-term performance.

You know... When the media reports "Bankers compensation" they're not talking about real Bankers, per se... They're referring to the Merrills and Goldmans of the world that pay out Billions in bonuses, or did at least... Just thought I would clarify that point...

And then there was the British Pound sterling, which I kept saying over and over again, that this dance is gonna be a drag, no wait! I kept saying over and over again, that the pound sterling strength was a house of cards... Well, that house of cards is collapsing under the pound sterling... Even the speculators that were buying it because it was a part of the mix of currencies that made up the IMF's SDR's (Special Drawing Rights), are backing out now...

Data in the U.S. besides the Jobs Jamboree at the end of the week, include the S&P/ CaseShiller Home Price Index for July which will print tomorrow, along with Consumer Confidence, which is expected to be stronger... I guess the people they surveyed haven't seen the Bernanke video collection of his statements that couldn't be more wrong, and still believe him when he says it's all OK! Wednesday brings us the final print of 2nd QTR GDP. Thursday has two of my faves, Personal Income and Spending, and then Friday's Jobs Jamboree...

So, if the data continues to show some strength, but nothing to speak about... I would think that the risk takers will remain confused, and it could lead to further selling in stocks, and other risk assets... Don't really know... Just an opinion on what might happen...

OK, to recap... The dollar has rebounded, but nothing too strong to speak of as of this morning. G-20 is the new world economic watchdog, there's a ton o' data to print this week, all over the globe, and Japanese yen continues to outperform the other currencies VS the dollar.

Currencies today 9/28/09: A$ .8665, kiwi .7135, C$ .9135, euro 1.4650, sterling 1.5870, Swiss .9695, rand 7.44, krone 5.82, SEK 6.9750, forint 184.20, zloty 2.88, koruna 17.22, RUB 30.11, yen 89.30, sing 1.4190, HKD 7.75, INR 47.98, China 6.8274, pesos 13.57, BRL 1.7890, dollar index 76.90, Oil $65.77, 10-year 3.32%, Silver $15.99, and Gold... $992.10

That's it for today... A great weekend, even with the rain on Saturday! It rained so hard that Alex's football game was stopped, and they had to pick it up and finish it yesterday... When I played football, back in the dark ages, we played in any kid of weather... That was a long time ago! It cleared up for a wonderful Saturday night block party with neighbors... Cards are Central Division Champions! (they were picked to finish 4th in this division) Now, it's onto the playoffs... Got to find some way of getting playoff tickets! I'm a month away from heading to Los Cabos, Mexico for the Sovereign Society's Offshore Advantage Academy. 11-4 through 11-7... You can go to www.soveignsociety.com to find out more! I'm flying solo today with the currencies this morning, as Jen is out, so I've got to get working! I hope your Monday is Marvelous!

Chuck Butler
President
EverBank World Markets
1-800-926-4922
1-314-647-3837

Good news for housing is bad news for the dollar...

ChuckButler — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 15:10:28 GMT

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.........
In This Issue..

* Home sales increase most in eight years...
* Euro boosted by confidence...
* Geitner sells the Chinese...
* Carry trades back in vogue...

And Now... Today's Pfennig!

Good news for housing is bad news for the dollar...

The dollar lost more ground on Monday, but the reasons were different than those that caused last week's slow decline. Currency traders sold the dollar after a report showed sales of new homes rose the most in eight years. New-home sales in the US climbed 11% last month to a 384,000 annual pace. This was substantially higher than economists had forecast, and the most since November. The report also showed the number of houses on the market dropped to the lowest level in more than a decade. The housing numbers seem to confirm that the housing market may be approaching a bottom, but housing prices continue to fall, and more data is needed before I'm convinced the worst is over. Many of these homes have been sold to first time homebuyers taking advantage of government programs; and if unemployment continues to climb, housing sales are not likely to rise quickly.

But the housing news was music to the ears of investors, and those who had parked money in the dollar for 'safe haven' purposes began looking for other places to invest. Many feel the worst of the global recession is over, as global data seems to be turning positive. Adding to the good feeling on Wall Street, analysts raised their profit estimates for US companies for the first time in two years. The new optimism has many investors searching for higher yields and accepting higher risks. During the mid morning trading, the dollar index touched the lowest level this year, dropping to 78.315 before gaining back some of its losses late in the day as US stocks retreated from eight month highs.

A report from UBS, the worlds second largest currency trader predicts the dollar will continue to drop during the next month amid a revival in risk appetite. "Our near term bias is for further US dollar weakness," a UBS analyst wrote. Everyone seems to be jumping on the carry trade again, which should give a lot of strength to the higher yielding currencies of AUD, NZD, and Brazil. This will likely be the 'popular' trade for investors over the next few months.

The Euro was helped by earlier by a report which on German consumer confidence which unexpectedly increased to a 14 month high. German business confidence rose also rose more than expected this month. Lower inflation in Germany has put more money into the pockets of German consumers, and private consumption has continued to remain a significant support for the economy.

The positive news for the global economy couldn't come at a better time for US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geitner who began talks with China. Geitner and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton will host two days of meetings which many predict will focus on the state of the US economy. Secretary Geitner will have his bond salesman hat on as he tries to convince the Chinese to keep buying Treasury bills, notes, and bonds. This week the US Treasury will attempt to unload $235 Billion in Treasuries, so Geitner will certainly have his work cut out for him. The US debt sales will include $130 Billion of T-bills, $42 Billion 2 year notes, $39 Billion 5 year notes, $28 Billion 7 year notes, and $6 Billion of TIPS.

I find it odd that the US government isn't trying to sell more bonds out in the longer term durations with rates being held down at these incredibly low levels. Does anyone expect US interest rates to remain at these low levels for an extended period of time? Why wouldn't the Treasury department take advantage and try to sell more longer term debt now, instead of loading up the majority of the issuance at the short end of the curve? I guess Geitner realizes that his job of selling all of this debt is already difficult, and trying to get the foreigners to agree to purchase longer term maturities would be next to impossible.

Let's hope Geitner is a first class salesman, as our economy is dependent on the Chinese continuing to buy our debt. Unfortunately his boss isn't making his job any easier, as the deficits continue to rise. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates the annual deficits under the administration's spending plans will never drop below $633 billion over the next decade. And it forecasts an additional $9.1 trillion added to the debt held by the public - the amount that Geitner has to finance with bond sales. Publicly traded US debt - which excludes deficits the government owes to itself in Social Security and other trust funds - stood at 41 percent of the total economy in 2008. It is projected to climb to 82 percent of the entire economy by 2019.

The official line after the first day of meetings stuck to the pre-arranged script. Geitner pledged to rein in the US deficit to a more 'sustainable' level by 2013, and China agreed to try and stimulate more internal consumption. Speaking of Chinese consumption, I heard a story driving home on NPR last night which spoke about how China is spending their stimulus money. While the big infrastructure projects have grabbed most of the headlines, they have also used a large amount of their stimulus spending to stimulate consumer buying. They have issued vouchers to many of the lower income rural areas which can be turned in for consumer durables, including cars, appliances, and TVs. The increase in demand by the emerging Chinese middle class has actually caused a price jump for the panels used to make flat screen TVs. You may recall that many critics of what we write in the Pfennig regarding future growth in China stated that the Chinese economy couldn't grow without a strong US consumer. We pointed out that even a small increase in personal wealth spread across the millions of Chinese consumers could offset some of loss of demand by the US. What we predicted seems to be coming true, as the Chinese automobile market has become the largest in the world, and markets for other consumer products like flat screen TVs seem to be following suit.

This also plays into our theory that inflation will likely spike up after the global economy starts to recover. Inventories are extremely low, and once demand starts heating up in the western markets of Europe and the US, orders will again start flowing back into Asia. But demand in Asia will be competing with these new orders from the West, so prices will likely jump. And commodity prices have already started rebounding, including industrial metals and crude oil. Inflation is definitely lurking, and investors need to protect their holdings against a possible spike. The precious metals, or commodity based currencies are a good way to protect your holdings.

The Australian dollar has long been a favorite of the desk, and is turning in another stellar year. The Aussie dollar rose to its highest level this year after central bank Governor Glenn Stevens said the nation's economic downturn may not be "one of the more serious" of the post World War II era. Most economists now believe interest rates in Australia will start to rise prior to the end of 2009. The New Zealand dollar also had a gain yesterday, and headed for its fifth monthly gain in a row.

Finally, I read a story in our local paper over the weekend which pointed out that the administration has delayed the release its annual mid summer budget update. No doubt the update will show higher deficits and unemployment along with slower growth than projected in President Obama's budget in February and the update in May. Typically the budget estimates are updated in Mid-July, but the administration had postponed them until the middle of next month. It is not surprising that President Obama wants congress to act on his $1 trillion dollar health care initiative before he releases the bad news of the updated budget numbers. The administration predicted unemployment would peak at 8%, and growth next year would reach 3.2%; both overly optimistic predictions. Downward revisions to these numbers, which are inevitable, will mean that budget deficits will be much higher than the administration is now predicting. Chuck's earlier predictions of a $2 trillion deficit this fiscal year is looking more likely with each passing day.

Currencies today 7/28/09: A$ .8299, kiwi .6603, C$ .9255, euro 1.4227, sterling 1.6489, Swiss .9345, rand 7.8098, krone 6.1748, SEK 7.4390, forint 188.95, zloty 2.9424, koruna 17.9397, yen 94.54, sing 1.4404, HKD 7.7500, INR 48.2075, China 6.8309, pesos 13.2884, BRL 1.8779, dollar index 78.610, Oil $67.82, 10-year 3.68%, Silver $13.985, and Gold... $949.50

That's it for today... My son Brendan had his last regular season hockey game of the summer season. The coach let me know last night that he will be out of town for the playoffs next week, so I have the helm. We ended up the season in 4th place, so the boys will have their work cut out for them in the tourney. I plan on stressing team play, as summer hockey is played on a shortened rink with only 3 outskaters. Passing and teamwork are the key! Looks like another beautiful morning here in St. Louis, but I hear there may be Thunderstorms on the horizon. Someone on the desk said this month will go down as the third coolest July on record. No complaints here!! Got to try to get this out, so hope everyone has a Terrific Tuesday!!!

Chris Gaffney, CFA
Vice President
EverBank World Markets
1-800-926-4922
1-314-647-3837

Buddy, Can You Spare $5 Trillion?

JohnMauldin — Sat, 11 Jul 2009 04:26:00 GMT

This Is Outrageous
The Land of the Setting Sun
Buddy, Can You Spare $5 Trillion?
New York and Maine

There is no doubt that the US is in financial trouble. Those talking of a strong recovery are just not dealing with reality. But the US is in better shape than a lot of countries. This week, we begin by looking at Japan. I have written for years about how large their debt-to-GDP ratio is, yet they keep on issuing more debt and seemingly getting away with it. But now, several factors are conspiring to create real problems for the Land of the Rising Sun. They may soon run into a very serious-sized wall. And it is not just Japan. Where will the world find $5 trillion to finance government debt? We look at some very worrisome graphs. Those in the US who think that what happens in the rest of the world doesn't matter just don't get it. There is a lot to cover in what will be a very interesting letter. I suggest removing sharp objects or pouring yourself a nice adult beverage.

This Is Outrageous

But first, I want to direct the attention of those in the US finance industry to a white paper written by Themis Trading, called "Toxic Equity Trading Order Flow on Wall Street." Basically, they outline why volume and volatility have jumped so much since 2007; and it's not due to the credit crisis. They estimate that 70% of the volume in today's markets is from high-frequency program trading. They outline how large brokers and funds can buy and sell a stock for the same price and still make 0.5 cents. Do that a million times a day and the money adds up. Or maybe do it 8 billion times. It requires powerful computers, complicity of the exchanges (because the exchanges get paid a lot), and highly proximate computer connections. Literally, the need for speed is so important that to play this game you have to have your servers physically at the exchange. Across the river in New Jersey is too slow. Forget Texas or California. This is a game played out in microseconds.

The retail world doesn't get to play. This is a game only for big boys who can afford to pay for the "arms" needed to fight this war. But the rest of us pay for the game, as that half cent is like a tax on transactions, not to mention the increased daily volatility, which skews pricing. Think it doesn't affect you? That "tax" is paid by mutual funds, your pension fund, and every large institution.

Frankly, this is outrageous. The more I read the madder I got. And it is going to get worse as computers get faster and software more intelligent. We need rules to level the playing field. Themis suggests one simple one: just make it a rule that all bids have to be good for at least one second. That would cure a lot of problems. One lousy second! In a world of microseconds, that is an eternity.

Goldman Sachs went after an employee who stole some of their latest and greatest software this last week. The US assistant attorney general said in the courtroom that the software had the potential to manipulate the market. Imagine that. I am shocked. There is gambling going on in the back room? Gee, commissioner, I had no idea.

All this "algo" (algorithmic) trading also gives a very false impression of volume. If you are a fund and see 10 million shares a day traded, you might feel comfortable that you could hold one million shares and exit your trade easily. But if 80% of the volume is false "algo" trading, that volume isn't really there. You may have a position that will be a problem if you want to exit, and not know it.

"High-frequency trading strategies have become a stealth tax on retail and institutional investors. While stock prices will probably go where they would have gone anyway, toxic trading takes money from real investors and gives it to the high frequency trader who has the best computer. The exchanges, ECNs and high frequency traders are slowly bleeding investors, causing their transaction costs to rise, and the investors don't even know it." (Themis Trading)

We are literally talking billions of dollars here. The SEC needs to step in and stop this, and soon. This is a lot more important than the salaries of investment professionals, for which the Obama administration today suggested new rules, which would allow the SEC to oversee salaries at member firms. Seriously? They don't have enough to do already?

The link to the white paper is http://www.themistrading.com/article_files/0000/0348/Toxic_Equity_Trading_on_Wall_Street_12-17-08.pdf. Themis Trading is at http://www.themistrading.com/.

Read the paper. Then, if you like, drop the very nice folks at the SEC your thoughts at tradingandmarkets@sec.gov. And now, let's start off with Japan.

The Land of the Setting Sun

One of the real benefits of writing this letter is that I get to see a lot of really interesting information from readers and meet with very savvy investment professionals. This week I had the privilege of sitting with a team of analysts from Hayman Capital here in Dallas. Hayman runs a global macro hedge fund, so they spend a lot of time thinking about how all the different aspects of the global markets fit together.

A one-hour meeting stretched to three hours, as the discussion was quite lively. I learned a lot more than I contributed (which is not unusual). After I made my presentation, they showed me a presentation they had been using. Some of the graphs were quite eye-opening. While I had seen some of the data in different places, there were a lot of new ideas, and having it all in one place was extremely helpful. There was a lot of work (as in months) done here; and Kyle Bass, the founder of the firm, graciously allowed me to share some of it with you (and kudos to Wes Swank, who pulled this together). The graphs are theirs, and my discussion about them is certainly informed by our meeting; but I am using the material as a launching point, so they are not responsible for my conclusions and interpretations.

Over the years, I have written about Japan often. Its economy is very important to the world, and its banks have funded and loaned a great deal to companies outside of Japan. Global growth would have been a lot slower without the Japanese. Up until recently, their population has saved a great deal of its disposable income, and those savings have allowed the Japanese government to run massive deficits.

And we are talking truly massive. Over the last ten years, the government has seen the level of debt-to-GDP rise from 99% to over 170%, not including local governments. They ran those deficits to try and pull themselves out of the doldrums of their Lost Decade of the '90s, following the crash of their real estate and stock markets, starting in 1989. They built bridges and roads to nowhere, all sorts of programs, quantitative easing, etc. Sound familiar?

Of course, they were coming out of two really large bubbles, far larger than those recently in the US. I think I remember reading that at one point the land on which the Imperial Palace in Tokyo is built was valued at more than all of the real estate in California. Why not buy Pebble Beach or a few iconic buildings in New York, when they were so cheap? Today, Japanese real estate is still massively down (on the order of 50-80%, depending on location). And the Nikkei is still down roughly 75%, 20 years later. Do you think the Dow will be at 3,500 in 12 years?

As late as 1999, personal savings plus pensions were running at 12% and had been as high as 16%. And much of those savings went into government debt. The government kept borrowing, and rates stayed in the area of 1%. Today, a ten-year bond yields 1.3% in Japan, so they could run up a very large debt and the interest-rate cost was not a big factor in the budget.

But now things are changing. Demography is starting to change the landscape. Japan is a rapidly aging nation. The population is shrinking, and the birth rate is among the lowest in the world. And the dependency ratio is starting to rise. There are currently 1.2 nonproductive citizens (under 15 years old and over 64) for every productive Japanese; the ratio will reach 2.0 by 2020 and will continue to grow thereafter. (See chart below.)

This also means that the ability to save is dropping, since so many retirees now need to dip into savings to live. Notice in the chart below that savings have dropped from 18% to 1.8%. Also notice that annual net savings is now down to 5 trillion yen.

But this year, the Japanese will want to issue roughly 33 trillion yen in debt! Also note that the national pension fund has informed the government that this year they will for the first time be net sellers of debt. Look at the chart below. Notice that as debt was increasing through 2006, actual interest-rate expense for government debt was decreasing, because rates were dropping, getting to 0.1% in 2001. Yet with no more room to cut rates, interest-rate expenses have started to rise. Total government debt is now close to 900 trillion yen.

Interest-rate expense is now about 18% of the Japanese government budget. What if rates went to a lofty 2%? That would over time double the interest-rate expense. And the Japanese are borrowing between 30-40% of their annual budget. The total debt is rising rapidly.

Ok, let's go over these points:

Japan's population is shrinking, and the number of workers per retiree is rising. Japan has the highest ratio of debt to GDP in the developed world. And that debt is growing by 7-8% a year, and does not include local debt. Interest rates cannot go lower. Savings are falling rapidly and will not be able to cover the need for new debt issuance, by a long shot. Within a few years, because of the aging of the population, savings will go negative. Social security payments are rising. GDP is shrinking, and export trade is off about 30-40%, depending on the industry. Machine tools are down 80%!

If rates were to go up by 1%, let alone 2%, over time Japan's percentage of tax revenue dedicated to interest payments would double to 18% and then to 40% and then just keep going up. It is conceivable that it will take 100% of tax revenues in less than ten years, at the current trajectory. Why? Because Japan is going to have to start to compete with the rest of the world to sell its bonds. Who but the Japanese would buy a Japanese bond at 1.3%? From a country that is rapidly going to 200% of debt-to-GDP? Doesn't really seem like a smart trade to me. And as the data shows, the ability of the Japanese consumer to buy more debt is rapidly waning.

The Japanese government is coming to a crossroads with no good exits. Cut the budget drastically in the face of a deflationary recession? Monetize the debt and let the yen go the way of all fiat currencies? Can someone say Zimbabwe? Increase already high taxes in a very weak economy?

And yet the yen has been getting stronger over the last month. It is now at 92 to the dollar, up from 120 just two years ago. Why would a country with such bad fundamentals have such a strong currency? Shouldn't the yen be a screaming short?

Let me offer two speculations that are mine alone. First, it is well-known that the Japanese are very involved in the reverse carry trade. That is, since they can't find yield in Japan, they convert to another higher-yielding currency for income. So, maybe the retirees actually need to spend some of that money they have outside of Japan to live, so they have to convert to yen.

Second, Japanese corporations are getting hammered. Could it be that they are bringing yen home to pay for current transactions like rent and payroll? Japanese corporations dependent on exports desperately need the yen to fall, yet the central bank can't seem to engineer a falling yen. I wrote about five years ago that the Japanese Central Bank has to rank as one of the most incompetent of all central banks, because they can't even destroy their own currency.

But I think the central bank is going to figure it out. If they do not monetize the debt, rates will have to rise over time (say the next 2-3 years), and that is most definitely a problem. Monetizing the debt would mean the yen would fall in value, which is something they actually want to happen. How much monetization? When? I don't know, and I doubt they do. If I were the head of the central bank or the government, I would not sleep easy.

Japan is the second largest economy in the world. There is a rule in economics: "If something can't continue, then it won't." Japan can't continue down this path. All the trends are going against them. Sadly, Japan is going to hit the wall, maybe some time in the next few years. This will be very bad for the world, as they have financed much of Asian growth. They do in fact buy a lot of world goods, and their buying power is going to fall. This is going to mean fewer US and European jobs. Not to mention fewer jobs in the countries that are Japan's neighbors.

And unless we change things in the US, this will be us in less than ten years. As in hit the wall, serious depression, etc. I am hopeful that we can actually get our act together. But then I am an eternal optimist.

Buddy, Can You Spare $5 Trillion?

I have been writing for months that I don't think the US can find $2 trillion dollars this year and then come back to the well for another $1.5 trillion next year without serious disruption in the markets. Where do you find that much money when all the rest of the world also wants to borrow massive amounts? How much are we talking about? The friendly folks at Hayman actually spent the time to add it all up. This is not a comforting graph.

The graph shows the US will need to issue $3 trillion in debt. "Wait," I asked, "I thought it was only 1.85" The answer is that the number has grown to almost $2 trillion (as I wrote it would). Then you need to add in off-budget items like TARP, state and municipal debt, etc. Pretty soon it adds up to another trillion. All told, Hayman estimates that the world will need to find $5.3 trillion in NEW government financing. Never mind the needs of corporations or individuals or commercial mortgages, etc.

I am still trying to get my head around this. Let's hopefully assume that they made a mistake and it is "only" $4 trillion. Where do you find that kind of money in a global deleveraging recession?

The World Bank says that total world GDP in 2008 was $60 trillion (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf).

That means we need to find almost 9% of world GDP to fund the new government debt. Gentle reader, this is a serious problem. And now the next chart. Remove sharp objects or take another drink.

This one is titled "The Potential Shortage of Capital to Fund Treasuries." They take into account the need for corporate borrowing, new corporate equity issuance, real estate debt, capital inflows and outflows, household savings, etc.

Bottom line? There is simply not enough available capital under current conditions to do it all. Something has to give. More household savings? More foreign investment (flight to safety, as the rest of the world looks even worse)? Reduced corporate borrowing and thus less GDP growth? Higher rates to attract more foreign and US investment?

The combinations are infinite, but none of them bode well. Increased household savings means less consumer spending. To attract more foreign investment (in the amounts that will be needed) will mean higher rates. And this is 2009. What happens in 2010? And 2011?

One trillion dollars is 7% of US GDP. And we will be running trillion-dollar deficits for a very long time.

Just a thought: Do you want to be a senator or congressman running for office next year with unemployment nearing 11% (my estimate), with all of the problems mentioned above, and with a record of having voted for the largest unfunded deficits in history? It is going to be a very interesting election cycle.

I will close here, as going into the next slides will make the letter way too long, but we will get to them next week. As a teaser, they asked me what my number-one concern was. I said Europe and European banking. Interestingly, that was also their number-one concern for "exogenous" risk. It will make a great launch for next week's letter.

New York and Maine

My travel plans keep changing. Looks like I will not get to London and the Baltics this summer. So my next trip is a quick evening in New York with Art Cashin and Ron Insana for dinner, a few business meetings, and then off to Maine with my youngest son Trey for the Shadow Fed fishing weekend hosted by David Kotok at Grand Lake Streams. Talking with friends who are lucky enough to get an invite, we all say it is the highlight of our year. Just thinking about it gives me a smile. It looks like Steve Liesman of CNBC (who, by the way, is a very accomplished guitar player) will be doing a documentary of the weekend.

All in all, it is a pretty high-powered group, economics -wise, and I am looking forward to the debates, with several Fed economists and the likes of Paul McCulley, Martin Barnes, Barry Ritholtz, John Silvia (and congrats to him on his new post as chief economist for Wells Fargo), Chris Whalen, George Friedman of Stratfor, and too many others to mention. Way too much wine and great food, and the fishing is always good. It doesn't get much better.

And then I come back and get ready for daughter Amanda's wedding in Tulsa and Trey going back to school. And I turn 60 the first week of October. Oddly, my fall travel schedule is rather light, which is good, as I am so far behind on so many projects. But I do need to get to Europe and also go to Uruguay to meet with new Latin American partner Enrique Fynn (more on that in a few weeks). And two more grandkids will appear this year. Life is good and more interesting than ever.

Have a great weekend. I know mine will be fun.

Your still believing we will all get through this mess analyst,

John Mauldin

A Lost Decade?

ChuckButler — Thu, 02 Jul 2009 15:08:57 GMT

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In This Issue..

* An Up and Down day for currencies...
* Jobs Jamboree moves to Thursday today...
* China to buy more Gold!
* Sweden cuts rates!

And Now... Today's Pfennig!

A Lost Decade?

Good day... And a Thankful Thursday to you! I'm reminded that we all need to be thankful for the patriots that led this country to victory and thus our freedom. The freedom for me to write a letter like this, each day, that allows me to say what I want to say (well, with the governor of the legal beagles of course!). And since this weekend we will celebrate our Independence, I thought this to be a good time to have a Thankful Thursday!

Patriots... You know, the ending story for those 56 Patriots that signed the Declaration of Independence is not a happy story... So, when we learn of their collective fates, we realize that freedom does not come free...

OK... This time of year, always stirs up the emotions, that are burning all year...

Two things have happened in the past 24 hours that have moved the currencies and caused some very wild swings... So, let's look at the "two things", eh?

When I left you yesterday, the currencies had rallied back and were waiting for more data... The data that printed was not very good, led by the ADP Employment Report for June, which came in with a greater number of job losses than was forecast (-473K VS -395 forecast)... So, according to ADP the bleeding continues... Now we have to wait for the Jobs Jamboree that will print later this morning, to see what "games people play now, every night and every day now"...

So, the currencies moved a bit more with the data printing and showing continued rot on the vine... For instance, the ISM Manufacturing Index remained below 45, which is recessionary to me... But the real blow to the dollar yesterday came when G-8 Sources announced that CHINA HAS ASKED FOR G8 ITALY SUMMIT TO DISCUSS ISSUE OF NEW GLOBAL RESERVE CURRENCY...

You should have seen the dollar selling at that point! OUCH! The euro climbed to 1.4175, and took the rest of the currencies along for the rides! This was HUGE folks! There it was... On the G-8 Agenda!

However, seeing the damage that this announcement had done so quickly, the Chinese had to do something quick... And quick they were... China's Vice Foreign Minister said he is "not aware of any plan to discuss alternative reserve currencies at next week's G-8 meeting." And the turn-around was on!

So, overnight, the dollar is firmer, and the euro has lost that 1.41 handle once again... These probes to the 1.41 handle are becoming more frequent, but with little staying power. So... There you have it... One item made the currencies soar... And the denial made them come back to earth, all within 24 hours... Jack Bauer would be proud!

While I'm talk about China, I was wondering if you all caught the interview on Fox (I didn't, of course, it was pointed out to me by a reader!) where U.S. Rep. Mark Kirk, was interviewed and asked questions about his accompanying U.S. Treasury Sec. Geithner on his Magical Currency Tour last month to China... In a private discussion with Chinese officials, Kirk was told that the Chinese were extremely concerned about the likely near term decline in the dollar because of the "explosion" of government debt. And... As a reaction to this concern, the Chinese Gov. was creating a "fund" / reserve to buy oil... And another $80 Billion worth of Gold!

OK! And did you see Gold trade higher yesterday by $15? Well, it's lost $8.50 of that gain overnight... Profit taking, and the denial by the Chinese has caused this sell-off...

The euro is also seeing some pressure this morning, as the European Central Bank (ECB) is meeting and most likely will have to admit that they will keep rates at ultra / record lows for some time to come, as the Eurozone remains in a recession.

As I explained on Monday this week, the Jobs Jamboree was moved to today, to avoid the markets being thinned out tomorrow. Apparently, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) wants everyone to see their work! HA! The "experts" believe that the Jobs losses will have increased in June, adding 20,000 lost jobs to May's "BLS adjusted" number of -345,000... I would have to think that if this prints as forecast, that the "risk takers" will be happy enough, and continue adding risk assets like stocks, currencies, precious metals... Anything greater would probably put a lid on their propensity to spend on risk assets... For now, at least!

Oh... And one more thing on the job losses for June that will print this morning... If the "forecast" number of lost jobs prints... It would mean that the number of people working today, in 2009, would be about the same number of people that were working in May of 2000! Talk about a Lost Decade! I wonder if the major media will pick up this fact? Now wouldn't that be a big surprise to all those folks that were surveyed last week for Consumer Confidence? It surprised me to see that fact! The Lost Decade... Strange but true...

The strangeness of today though will be the fact that the Weekly Initial Jobless Claims will print, and probably show that over 600,000 jobs were lost last week, and unemployment claims were filed... So... How does the BLS come up with "only" 365,000 jobs lost for the month, when one week was 600,000? The games people play now... Every night and every day now... Never meaning what they say now... Never saying what they mean... And they wile away the hours... In their ivory towers... Till they're covered up with flowers...In the back of a black limousine... - Joe South...

I've gone over the do goody-good bull of the BLS so many times in the past it makes my head spin, so I won't go there again today... But, it makes no sense to me what-so-ever that the BLS still uses a stupid "survey" when they have the ADP and Weekly Claims at their disposal... I think I know why... But again, it just doesn't make sense to me!

So... Keep an eye on the Jobs Jamboree for today...

Recall earlier this week I told you that Sweden's Riksbank would meet on Thursday, and I said that: "With internal rates at just .50%, I guess they could cut, but what would be the point?" Well... The Riksbank surprised the markets this morning, and did cut 25 BPS bringing their internal rate to just 25 BPS or 1/4%... I would think that any good that Swedish krona buyers saw in the past 5 days, will be wiped out by this news, as the rate cut at this time has to signal "bad stuff" for the economy... The only thing left for the Riksbank now is to implement Quantitative Easing, which if they aren't afraid to cut rates to 25 BPS, they certainly won't have any "moral" problems with Quantitative Easing...

And like I said for the U.K., Switzerland, and U.S. when they announced their Quantitative Easing... "Hey, Japan's been doing it for over a decade now, and look how well it's worked for their economy!" I shake my head in disgust, that anyone with an ounce of brain power would go down the same road as Japan with regards to how they responded to their economic meltdown of the 90's... But we have... Step for step... Beginning with the $150 Billion in stimulus checks... And moving on to larger sized measures from there...

I've told you all this before, but for new readers they might not know... That in the 90's I was a currency and foreign bond trader... I watched the Japanese introduce stimulus after stimulus, and budget gadgets after budget gadget! And, like I said, look at how well it worked in their economy? History may not repeat itself, but it rhymes according to Mark Twain... And what we're doing with our economy rhymes with what Japan did in the 90's...

Oh! I know, the rose colored glasses wearers will say, "but Chuck, we reacted "much earlier" in the recession than the Japanese did" Yes... We did, so, what does that mean? That instead of a greater than decade economic funk that we'll experience something shorter in time? OH, so a 5 year economic funk is worth adding Trillions to our National Debt? I don't think so...

With regards to the interest rate policy that adds to these woes... Janet Yellen, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, went further than other policymakers in assuring that the Fed is not likely to push its interest rate up in the near future. Ms. Yellen was speaking to reporters and said." it is "not outside the realm of possibility" that the central bank will let the interest rate remain close to zero for several years."

Oh great! Just go ahead and fuel that future inflation... And rack up the deficits... We can go on like this forever, right? NOT! There's no way this can go on forever! And... If the markets were doing their job, it wouldn't be going on now, without major pain in the yield on Treasuries and the value of the dollar! When out of the 29 largest nations in the world, the U.S. has the worst debt/GDP ratio, you've got to take a step back and say Whoa, there partner! Unfortunately, no one (except Ron Paul) in Washington D.C. is doing that... This is getting completely out of control, folks... Completely out of control!

The markets always do what the markets should... Just not always when they should... I learned that a long time ago, from my old, old boss, Ed Bonawitz, and I'm reminded of that all the time...

Like remember when I was calling for an end to the Carry Trade, and a Japanese yen rally, 2-3 years before it finally happened? The markets finally did what they were supposed to do, it just took 2-3 years!

Well... The euro has been in a steady downward move since I came in this morning. I turned on the screens and the single unit was trading just below 1.41... It's now moved down to 1.4060... No biggie, but a steady downward move in the past two hours...

A long time reader sent me a note yesterday regarding yesterday's Pfennig... "Uriah Heep, The Ventures, Soros, Rivlin, Sylvester, and Lucy! All in one Pfennig" It caused Cranium Spin!

Yes, I was on a roll yesterday... I don't think I was on quite the same roll today...

And while I don't like to head into the Big Finish on a "down note", I'll have to today, as it's beginning to get late... The "down note" is from "down under" (get it?) Australia's Trade Deficit widened in April to A$556 million ($448 million worth), as coal exports fell... This news caused a weakening in the A$ overnight... But remember, this is from April... And in April, China was just beginning to show signs of their stimulus working... I'll bet a dollar to a Krispy Kreme that next month this number will be narrower and if not, then the following month we'll see the narrowing... So, no need to be alarmed here, there's nothing to see here, move along! It does provide cheaper levels of the A$ though!

And... I just noticed this, so I won't end it on the A$ story... The price of Oil fell out of bed yesterday, moving from over $71 yesterday morning to $67.85 this morning... WOW!

Currencies today 7/2/09: A$ .8030, kiwi .6360, C$ .8685, euro 1.4070, sterling 1.64, Swiss .9230, rand 7.8050, krone 6.3635, SEK 7.70, forint 190.60, zloty 3.1040, koruna 18.2885, yen 96.60, sing 1.45, HKD 7.75, INR 47.96, China 6.8312, pesos 13.10, BRL 1.9320, dollar index 80.09, Oil $67.85, 10-year 3.55%, Silver $13.50, and Gold... $933.75

That's it for today... So... The U.S. has begun a military offensive in Afghanistan... I wish for safety for those soldiers... Little Delaney Grace came for a visit last night... What a cutie! And she's beginning to really talk, which is cute, but she never stops talking! She was copying everything I did at the dinner table, cracking me up! The Streets of San Francisco aren't as safe any longer... Karl Malden has passed away at 97 last night... Colby Rasmus bangs a walk off homer in the 10th for the Cardinals, and today is our Jen Mclean's son, Drew's 2nd birthday! Happy Birthday, Drew! And with that, I'm going to head to the high school where my son, Alex, will be playing in a jazz concert this morning, and he has a guitar solo... Wouldn't miss that! Time to hit send, and be thankful on a Thursday!

Chuck Butler
President
EverBank World Markets
1-800-926-4922
1-314-647-3837

Carry trades unwind...

ChuckButler — Fri, 15 May 2009 14:53:00 GMT

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In This Issue..

* Carry trades unwind...
* Euro zone GDP falls...
* Will TIC flows be enough??
* Aussie dollar predicted to outperform...

And Now... Today's Pfennig!

Carry trades unwind...

Good day...Chuck handed me the Pfennig this morning, as I took an early flight home yesterday and he got back to St. Louis much later than I did. The Las Vegas Money Show went well, as Chuck packed the presentation rooms with investors looking to learn more about investing in Gold and currencies. Attendance seemed like it was down a bit, but we stayed busy at the booth with investors looking for diversification. We also got to see a number of 'old friends' who stopped by the booth to say hi. All in all it was a good three days, but as always, it is good to get home and back into the routine.

The currency markets fell back into their established routine also, as fear drove investors out of riskier assets and back into the US$. We saw a general reversal of the carry trade, with the Japanese yen the only major currency which appreciated vs. the US$. As Chuck pointed out last week, investors feeling more confident about the global economy, dusted off their carry trades which had made them good money over the past few years. But traders are still a bit skittish, and move back out of these leveraged trades at the first sign of trouble in the global economy.

Europe delivered the bad news overnight with the released of first quarter GDP in the 16 member euro region. Gross domestic product fell 2.5% from the fourth quarter, when it fell 1.6% according to this morning's report. This is the biggest drop since euro-area GDP data was first compiled in 1995, and was 50 basis points higher than the 2% drop expected by most economists. Inflation data was also released for the euro-region this morning, and showed prices are holding steady.

The fall in GDP will likely renew calls for Trichet and the ECB to step up 'quantitative easing' in order to stimulate the european economies. But I have to believe that the ECB got ahold of a 'preliminary' copy of this data, and had a pretty good idea of the bad news prior to their meeting last week. Unemployment in the euro region continues to climb, and the flat inflation data will strengthen the argument for a more aggressive move by the central bank. While the ECB did leave themselves room to increase the money supply, they seem to be content to wait it out a bit before becoming too aggressive with monetary easing.

Since I have been away from the desk for most of the week, the first thing I did this morning was turn on the screens to catch up on what data we were going to get today. It was a bit of a shock, as the list of reports filled the screen. Inflation data will be first up this morning, with the release of the April CPI numbers here in the US. Inflation is expected to show no change for the month of April, with only a small 1.8% increase in the core CPI compared to last year.

The inflation numbers will be followed by the Empire manufacturing number, which everyone expects to show another major contraction in manufacturing here in the US. Then we will get the all important TIC flow data which will give us an indication of the appetite of foreign investors for our US treasuries. We have educated investors on the importance of this number for years, as foreign investment is the only thing enabling the US to continue to live above our means. With the large increase in the budget deficit predicted for 2009, foreign investment has become even more important. But several overseas investors, including Asian central banks, have started worrying about the amount of US debt they are holding. But even if they wanted to continue financing our debt (and they have many self-serving reasons to do just that), the drop in global trade has put less money in the coffers of these export driven economies. They simply don't have as much to invest as they did during the past few years.

So the I would expect to see the TIC flows decrease, putting Bernanke and his boys in an even tougher spot. There are two ways they can try to entice these foreign investors back into the US treasury market, either let interest rates increase, or let the value of the US$ fall. Now which do you think they will choose? They have been running the printing presses on overdrive in order to try and keep interest rates down to create another refinance boom. The Fed will try to do everything they can to keep interest rates down, so the alternative is to let the value of the US$ fall. The drop in TIC flows, combined with a huge increase in funding requirements by the US, will have to lead to a general debasing of the US dollar.

To close out the morning, we will get Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization for the month of April, and the U of Mich confidence number. Industrial production is expected to have declined again, but the rate of the drop is slowing. Output is expected to fall .6% during the month of April, after falling 1.5% during March. If these numbers come in as expected, the US media will undoubtedly spin it as a positive sign that the US economy is bottoming.

With the carry trade reversing, both the New Zealand and Australian dollar fell, posting their first weekly loss since February. Both these currencies have benefitted from a move back into riskier assets, which is now beginning to be reversed. New Zealand's kiwi also fell due to a report which showed retail sales dropped in the first quarter almost twice as fast as economists predicted. But the main driver of the sell off in both the kiwi and Aussie dollar has been the reversal of investor sentiment, and the move back out of the carry trade positions.

The Australian dollar, which is coming off a pretty big drop last year vs. the greenback, is now predicted to be one of the best performers during the global recovery. As China's economic engine revs up again, commodity prices will move back up supporting the Aussie dollar. China's infrastructure spending has already boosted the prices of base metals which has helped to fuel a rally in the price of the Australian dollar. Mellon Capital Management Corp. released a report yesterday which stated the Aussie dollar would rally the fastest among the world's major currencies. The report cites China's $585 billion economic stimulus plan to improve housing, highways, airports, and power grids. The Aussie dollar has advanced 12 percent against the dollar since China announced the stimulus plan on November 9th. The Aussie $ should continue to appreciate, so any sell off due to carry trade reversals should be viewed as a great opportunity to add to positions.

Another commodity based currency which we have been watching is the Norwegian Kroner which is the fourth best performing currency vs. the US$ in 2009 (The top is the Brazilian real, followed by the South African Rand and then the Australian dollar). Norway's government announced it would raise spending and add to the stimulus package it announced earlier. Norway will spend an extra 9.5 billion kroner ($1.5 billion) to create jobs. The Norwegian mainland economy (ex oil, gas, and shipping) is predicted to contract 1% this year. But if we continue to see positive signs out of China, oil and shipping revenues should rebound, and Norway could very well post a positive GDP for 2009. I continue to feel the Norwegian kroner is one of the best investments for diversification out of the US$.

And on that note... Let's go to the Big Finish!

Currencies today 5/15/09: A$ .7533, kiwi .5889, C$ .8514, euro 1.3556, sterling 1.5187, Swiss .9017, rand 8.61, krone 6.51, SEK 7.879, forint 213.24, zloty 3.31, koruna 19.94, yen 95.01, sing 1.4661, HKD 7.75, INR 49.395, China 6.826, pesos 13.26, BRL 2.088, dollar index 82.62, Oil $57.81, Silver $14.02, and Gold... $926.64

That's it for today... I got home yesterday evening just in time to take my wife to the Billy Joel / Elton John concert. These are two of my favorite entertainers, and they put on a very good show. I am dragging a bit this morning as the concert didn't get over until well past my usual bedtime. The weather sounds like it is going to be beautiful today, much nicer than the 100 plus temperatures in Las Vegas. Hope everyone has a Fantastic Friday, and a Wonderful Weekend!!

Chris Gaffney, CFA
Vice President
EverBank World Markets
1-800-926-4922
1-314-647-3837